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A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage

Bryan A. Garner

ToolA Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage
Published: 01 March, 2001
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As of: July 20th, 2008 02:33:06 PM
Author: Bryan A. Garner

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Big Shareholder Supports Yahoo Board Over Icahn
One of Yahoo's largest shareholders is supporting the re-election of the Internet company's incumbent board, delivering a significant blow to an attempted coup being led by activist investor Carl Icahn.<br style="clear: both;"/> <img alt="" style="border: 0; height:1px; width:1px;" border="0" src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?i=c50f5791b9fb225ac84a78b85e7a62c4" height="1" width="1"/> <img src="http://www.pheedo.com/feeds/tracker.php?i=c50f5791b9fb225ac84a78b85e7a62c4" style="display: none;" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> <p><a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?a=DAcZS6"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?i=DAcZS6" border="0"></img></a></p><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=sxU70J"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=sxU70J" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=1oxeij"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=1oxeij" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=StLrGj"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=StLrGj" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=FElVuJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=FElVuJ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=hCZiXJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=hCZiXJ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=TXfoTj"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=TXfoTj" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=lKU1Xj"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=lKU1Xj" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=2v9sWJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=2v9sWJ" border="0"></img></a> </div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/tech/internet/~4/340125606" height="1" width="1"/><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/techbiz/it/~4/340125607" height="1" width="1"/>


Tensions Escalate in Battle for Control of Yahoo
The battle over Yahoo intensifies following the company's latest refusal of an offer by Microsoft to buy its online search engine. It spurned a joint proposal with activist investor Carl Icahn, who is leading a shareholder rebellion aimed at removing Yahoo's current board.<br style="clear: both;"/> <img alt="" style="border: 0; height:1px; width:1px;" border="0" src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?i=07036f5b72199578687d970d28fcd600" height="1" width="1"/> <img src="http://www.pheedo.com/feeds/tracker.php?i=07036f5b72199578687d970d28fcd600" style="display: none;" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> <p><a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?a=roR0Mv"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?i=roR0Mv" border="0"></img></a></p><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=JfQYUJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=JfQYUJ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=7EIk4j"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=7EIk4j" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=okuGhj"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=okuGhj" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=KsZ6AJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=KsZ6AJ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=Sl9guJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=Sl9guJ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=5hpPgj"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=5hpPgj" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=Zekgij"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=Zekgij" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=JZAscJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=JZAscJ" border="0"></img></a> </div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/tech/internet/~4/334708304" height="1" width="1"/><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/techbiz/it/~4/334708319" height="1" width="1"/>


Yahoo Spurns Yet Another Microsoft Offer
Yahoo rejects Microsoft's latest attempt to buy its online search operations in a "take or leave it" proposal that Yahoo says would dismantle its internet franchise.<br style="clear: both;"/> <img alt="" style="border: 0; height:1px; width:1px;" border="0" src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?i=93d73ac3ab3b82825ff93b480206b896" height="1" width="1"/> <img src="http://www.pheedo.com/feeds/tracker.php?i=93d73ac3ab3b82825ff93b480206b896" style="display: none;" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> <p><a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?a=5uY66Q"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?i=5uY66Q" border="0"></img></a></p><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=yXWiuJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=yXWiuJ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=QWAHBj"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=QWAHBj" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=Ft9B2j"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=Ft9B2j" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=aqczuJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=aqczuJ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=8VTqGJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=8VTqGJ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=ArY3Kj"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=ArY3Kj" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=XVxwOj"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=XVxwOj" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=kmJP3J"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=kmJP3J" border="0"></img></a> </div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/tech/internet/~4/334708305" height="1" width="1"/><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/techbiz/it/~4/334708320" height="1" width="1"/>


Tap Into the 12-Million-Teraflop Handheld Megacomputer
A single worldwide computer -- think of it. We are even now collectively assembling this megacomputer from our billions of net-connected devices. Its software is our collective online behavior. Forget Web 3.0: The One Machine is the next stage of tech evolution.<br style="clear: both;"/> <a href="http://www.pheedo.com/click.phdo?s=56b8e50832c8d2b42fc2b4076e71510c"><img alt="" style="border: 0;" border="0" src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?s=56b8e50832c8d2b42fc2b4076e71510c"/></a> <img src="http://www.pheedo.com/feeds/tracker.php?i=56b8e50832c8d2b42fc2b4076e71510c" style="display: none;" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> <p><a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?a=Hs8AaX"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?i=Hs8AaX" border="0"></img></a></p><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=gVj4GJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=gVj4GJ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=l5aA4j"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=l5aA4j" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=0ernUj"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=0ernUj" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=6fsgxJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=6fsgxJ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=TW2hBJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=TW2hBJ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=pINq3j"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=pINq3j" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=N9AQOj"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=N9AQOj" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=6POgLJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=6POgLJ" border="0"></img></a> </div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/tech/internet/~4/333259241" height="1" width="1"/><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/techbiz/it/~4/333259245" height="1" width="1"/>


Tech Firms Turn to Experimental Economists
<!-- PORTFOLIO.COM LINKS --> <div class="content_sharing"> <strong>News from Portfolio.com</strong><br/> <a href="http://www.portfolio.com/?TID=wiredpartner"><img src="http://www.wired.com/images/article/full/2008/03/logo_portfolio.jpg" class="portfolio_img"></a><br clear="all"/> <div class="content_sharing_txt"> <p><strong>Also on Portfolio</strong></p> <!-- LINK #1 --> <p><a href="http://www.portfolio.com/news-markets/top-5/2008/07/09/Oil-on-the-Trigger-Finger/?TID=wiredpartner"> Oil on the Trigger Finger</cite></a></p> <!-- LINK #2 --> <p><a href="http://www.portfolio.com/news-markets/top-5/2008/07/09/Internet-Reputation-Management/?TID=wiredpartner"> Unmasking the Web of Lies</a></p> <!-- LINK #3 --> <p><a href="http://www.portfolio.com/views/blogs/mixed-media/2008/07/09/deep-read-arthur-sulzberger-in-cjr/?TID=wiredpartner"> <cite>Times</cite>' Sulzberger Gets a Grilling</a></p> </div> <div class="content_sharing_sub"><a href="https://w1.buysub.com/pubs/N3/FOL/self_fol_control_TVL.jsp?cds_page_id=39267&cds_mag_code=FOL&id=1205777661443&lsid=80771311187037701&vid=2&cds_response_key=I8CNAAA9&cds_mag_code=FOL">Subscribe to Portfolio magazine</a></div> </div> <p>For the last 15 years, economist Kay-Yut Chen has been quietly toiling away in Hewlett-Packard's labs, running experiments mostly on nearby Stanford students to help determine such things as the best incentive schemes to use with the hardware maker's suppliers and distributors, and how to set the right pricing and policies for H.P.'s online store.</p> <p>Though his work has generated millions of dollars for H.P., Chen's experimental-economics lab remained the only one of its kind within a major corporation for many years. But recently that's started to change, as high-tech firms in particular have come to realize the value of testing their programs internally in labs, and experimental economics as a field has gained increasing respect.</p> <p>"The picture has completely changed," Chen says, pointing to the 2002 Nobel Prize given to pioneering experimental economist Vernon Smith as an event that helped legitimize the field. Before, the field had been viewed as something of a crutch for economic theories that lacked good formal models.</p> <p>Within the last three years, both Google and Yahoo have built in-house economics facilities of their own to work on such tasks as optimizing their keyword auctions, and dozens of other companies have turned to outside consultants for help on specific projects. EBay used experimental economists to develop a new seller-feedback system that wound up boosting the total value of goods sold on the site by 25 percent, according to the researcher who worked on the project.</p> <p>"As things get more complex, it gets more difficult to manage your business using only buzzwords," says Özalp Özer, a Stanford professor of management science and engineering who recently ran experiments for Hitachi Global Storage Technologies to determine the optimal time to introduce a new disk drive, given the trade-offs among engineering, marketing, and manufacturing. Instead, says Özer, corporations are looking for hard data to support their business moves.</p> <p>Experimental economists like Özer and Chen begin with a number of theories about which programs will maximize corporate profits or other goals and then test them—typically on paid subjects. Some ideas fail when tested on real people, who sometimes react unpredictably and aren't always the rational maximizers of utility assumed by classical economics. (For a demonstration of this, <a href="http://www.portfolio.com/interactive-features/2008/06/Ultimatum-Game">see our interactive quiz</a>.)</p> <p>So when testing policies in the lab, Chen and his fellow researchers look for unintended consequences, which alert them to loopholes that need to be closed or ideas that need to be scrapped altogether.</p> <p>"The experiments are a cheap way of removing your mistakes," says CalTech economist Charlie Plott, who helped develop the field and was a teacher of Chen's. "All the big expensive mistakes are confined to the laboratory."</p> <p>Plott recently used his expertise in auctions and markets to consult for Ford Motor, finding a clever way for Ford to profitably comply with federal fleetwide gas-mileage regulations despite the automaker's decentralized structure. To address the problem, he designed and tested a market for fuel-efficiency credits that would be used just within the company.</p> <p>Governments have used the experimental approach for a long time to guide the development of regulatory policies and allocate resources. But few corporations have historically utilized it because of the cost and uncertain payoff. Hiring the staff and developing the software to run an in-house lab can easily cost hundreds of thousands of dollars or more a year, according to Sam Dinkin, a former I.B.M. research economist who now works for Power Auctions.</p> <p>But the cost-saving work of researchers like Chen has caused more companies to take notice.</p> <p>One of Chen's recent projects involved finding a way for H.P. to more accurately predict demand from its nine distributors, who collectively sell as much as $3 billion worth of H.P.'s products. The problem? Its distributors' forecasts for demand were frequently off by as much as 100 percent, wreaking havoc on H.P.'s production planning.</p> <p>Chen's solution to the planning problem, which H.P. intends to test soon with one distributor, was to develop an incentive system that rewarded distributors for sticking to their forecasts by turning those forecasts into purchase commitments. In the lab, the overlap between distributors' forecasts and their actual orders using this system increased to as high as 80 percent. "That's pretty astonishing given that the underlying demand is completely random," Chen says.</p> <p>"You model the environment and try different strategies, and the experiments tell you which way to go," says Chen of his basic approach. "If you can understand how people make decisions, you'll be able to zero in on useful ideas a lot faster."</p><br style="clear: both;"/> <img alt="" style="border: 0; height:1px; width:1px;" border="0" src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?i=2362f85f3446c0a1723ed52ab709c0e9" height="1" width="1"/> <img src="http://www.pheedo.com/feeds/tracker.php?i=2362f85f3446c0a1723ed52ab709c0e9" style="display: none;" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> <p><a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?a=NQfL4l"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?i=NQfL4l" border="0"></img></a></p><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=5eZ2tJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=5eZ2tJ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=spyCXj"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=spyCXj" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=ulOeoj"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=ulOeoj" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=QC24CJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=QC24CJ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=rZxi8J"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=rZxi8J" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=iq7JFj"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=iq7JFj" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=FF6Bcj"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=FF6Bcj" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=fsI0mJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=fsI0mJ" border="0"></img></a> </div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/tech/internet/~4/330875937" height="1" width="1"/><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/techbiz/it/~4/330875962" height="1" width="1"/>


Court Orders YouTube to Fork Over Video Logs
A federal judge orders YouTube to disclose who watches which video clips and when to Viacom and other copyright holders involved in a $1 billion copyright-infringement lawsuit against the video-sharing service.<br style="clear: both;"/> <img alt="" style="border: 0; height:1px; width:1px;" border="0" src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?i=8b369b1507215916a6d8fd564391be34" height="1" width="1"/> <img src="http://www.pheedo.com/feeds/tracker.php?i=8b369b1507215916a6d8fd564391be34" style="display: none;" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> <p><a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?a=NTyKTO"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?i=NTyKTO" border="0"></img></a></p><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=KmKGLJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=KmKGLJ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=IyzZij"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=IyzZij" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=IgzQOj"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=IgzQOj" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=IpHOSJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=IpHOSJ" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=WxdL6J"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=WxdL6J" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=IcQ6Hj"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=IcQ6Hj" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=XjTpgj"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=XjTpgj" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=VPB7cJ"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=VPB7cJ" border="0"></img></a> </div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/tech/internet/~4/326845209" height="1" width="1"/><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/techbiz/it/~4/326845210" height="1" width="1"/>


ICANN Gets Pwned
Not even ICANN and IANA are safe from domain hijacking. Those pesky Turkish hackers strike again.<br style="clear: both;"/> <img alt="" style="border: 0; height:1px; width:1px;" border="0" src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?i=4c52a8b3899a0c1c9a04390ae1ca58b0" height="1" width="1"/> <img src="http://www.pheedo.com/feeds/tracker.php?i=4c52a8b3899a0c1c9a04390ae1ca58b0" style="display: none;" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> <p><a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?a=PQRA8Y"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?i=PQRA8Y" border="0"></img></a></p><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=lDyfEI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=lDyfEI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=KebV6i"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=KebV6i" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=FjqVgi"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=FjqVgi" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=kChkYI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=kChkYI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=FopeHI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=FopeHI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=P8uRBi"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=P8uRBi" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=4d9sGi"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=4d9sGi" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=dM00qI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=dM00qI" border="0"></img></a> </div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/tech/internet/~4/322760270" height="1" width="1"/><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/techbiz/it/~4/322760271" height="1" width="1"/>


New Rules Could Mean Hundreds of New Domains
A relaxation of rules by the internet's oversight agency means that .com and .net may soon be joined by a slew of new domain names. What's behind it? Like most things, money.<br style="clear: both;"/> <img alt="" style="border: 0; height:1px; width:1px;" border="0" src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?i=3b05c048362a7c6341080361087f7fa1" height="1" width="1"/> <img src="http://www.pheedo.com/feeds/tracker.php?i=3b05c048362a7c6341080361087f7fa1" style="display: none;" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> <p><a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?a=lnnydq"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?i=lnnydq" border="0"></img></a></p><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=waaRwI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=waaRwI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=Rh2Z4i"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=Rh2Z4i" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=PJzN5i"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=PJzN5i" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=naksnI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=naksnI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=ZJXIUI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=ZJXIUI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=S9XlQi"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=S9XlQi" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=Iyh4qi"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=Iyh4qi" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=AVAkrI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=AVAkrI" border="0"></img></a> </div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/tech/internet/~4/321392312" height="1" width="1"/><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/techbiz/it/~4/321392358" height="1" width="1"/>


Supercomputing Power Hits the Desktop, Minus the Software
<p> The PC industry's two largest graphics companies released new top-of-the-line models this week. The new graphics processors will bring not just better videogame performance, but will also turn ordinary desktop PCs into the equivalent of supercomputers -- if programmers can figure out how to take advantage of the chips' massively parallel architectures. </p> <p> "We're talking about every man, woman and child basically having a supercomputer on their desk," says Jon Peddie, a graphics-industry veteran and president of Jon Peddie Research. </p> <p> AMD, which acquired graphics maker ATI in 2006, released two new chips, the Radeon HD 4850 and the Radeon HD 4870. Nvidia, the other dominant player in the space, unveiled its new GeForce GTX 260 and GeForce GTX 280 processors. </p> <p> According to both companies, the new series of chips feature performance measured in teraflops (that's a trillion floating point operations per second), billions of transistors, hundreds of cores and new architectures that, according to industry analysts, could have a staggering effect on not only <cite>Crysis</cite> frame rates, but also how and what we use our computers for. </p> <p> Indeed, cheap access to such formidable computing power could mean that, over the next few years, we will see an explosion of new independent research along with profound new discoveries, analysts say. Additionally, new consumer applications will be able to draw on the graphics processing unit (GPU) for even more eye-watering special effects and even occasionally useful visual information. </p> <p> "We'll start to get things like real-time mapping from Google that incorporates all manner of real world information," says Bob O'Donnell, an analyst at IDC. "All of this is going to bubble up more and more." </p> <p> As Peddie observes, it was only 11 years ago that the U.S. government spent approximately $33 million to build <a href="http://www.sandia.gov/ASCI/Red/">ASCI Red</a>, one of the first supercomputers to achieve 1 teraflop. The new graphics chips offer similar power to the 1997-era supercomputer for a fraction of the cost. </p> <p> "Now we can go down to Fry's or Best Buy and buy a graphics board that has 1 teraflop of processing power for $600 or less," says Peddie. </p> <p> Getting that processing power to work for the average computer user, however, remains a challenge. </p> <p> With the exception of a few games, most applications still aren't made to take advantage of the GPU's power. That's because GPUs are made for parallel processing (crunching lots of bits of data at the same time, then assembling the results all at once), whereas most current software programs are written to be executed serially (operating on one piece of data at a time, then proceeding to the next step). </p> <p> That is starting change, albeit slowly, thanks to new initiatives designed to spur parallel processing. </p> <p> Just last week, Khronos, the industry consortium behind the OpenGL standard, announced what it calls Open Computing Language, or OpenCL. With this new <a href="http://www.khronos.org/news/press/releases/khronos_launches_heterogeneous_computing_initiative/">heterogeneous computing initiative</a>, the group hopes to come up with a standardized (and universal) way of programming parallel computing tasks. </p> <p> In many ways, it's the Holy Grail developers have been waiting for: a hardware-agnostic standard that unleashes the power of multi-core CPUs and GPUs using a familiar language. </p> <p> Apple is throwing its weight behind parallel processing too, and last week <a href="http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2008/06/09snowleopard.html">committed to using the OpenCL specification</a> as part of its next operating system release, Snow Leopard. </p> <p> Other companies, including AMD, Nvidia, ARM, Freescale, IBM, Imagination, Nokia, Motorola, Qualcomm, Samsung and Texas Instruments have joined the OpenCL working group. </p> <p> If initiatives like OpenCL gain momentum, the days of researchers applying for grants and traveling across the country to use a given university or research facility's super computer may well be at an end. Similarly, distributed computing projects like Folding@Home and Seti@Home may see an huge boost in performance by using hundreds of thousand of computers equipped with these new powerful processors. </p> <p> Of course, if curing cancer or looking for aliens isn't your thing, we can also be fairly certain that <cite>Crysis</cite> will really scream on any system equipped with these new GPUs. </p><br style="clear: both;"/> <a href="http://www.pheedo.com/click.phdo?s=fdae43d01c1398ab27e844893b19296b"><img alt="" style="border: 0;" border="0" src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?s=fdae43d01c1398ab27e844893b19296b"/></a> <img src="http://www.pheedo.com/feeds/tracker.php?i=fdae43d01c1398ab27e844893b19296b" style="display: none;" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> <p><a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?a=d63pLY"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?i=d63pLY" border="0"></img></a></p><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=6u1yiI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=6u1yiI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=wyu5Xi"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=wyu5Xi" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=yIYwMi"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=yIYwMi" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=q6m6qI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=q6m6qI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=5wpoWI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=5wpoWI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=VFsIfi"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=VFsIfi" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=6RIVai"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=6RIVai" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=Lx15FI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=Lx15FI" border="0"></img></a> </div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/tech/internet/~4/316400663" height="1" width="1"/><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/techbiz/it/~4/316400664" height="1" width="1"/>


Verizon Adds 10 States to 50 MB FiOS Rollout
Verizon customers in 10 more states who have the need for speed get their prayers answered with a FiOS upgrade offering 50 mbps downloads and 20 mbps uploads. Congratulations California, Delaware, Indiana, Maryland, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia and Washington -- you get the chance to pay $140 a month for internet.<br style="clear: both;"/> <img alt="" style="border: 0; height:1px; width:1px;" border="0" src="http://www.pheedo.com/img.phdo?i=4f112d89d753b03f2b52924c9be28c84" height="1" width="1"/> <img src="http://www.pheedo.com/feeds/tracker.php?i=4f112d89d753b03f2b52924c9be28c84" style="display: none;" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt=""/> <p><a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?a=UZ3JKd"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~a/wired/tech/internet?i=UZ3JKd" border="0"></img></a></p><div class="feedflare"> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=cxtlII"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=cxtlII" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=DV0sbi"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=DV0sbi" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=89huPi"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=89huPi" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?a=kRXWlI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/tech/internet?i=kRXWlI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=FzXikI"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=FzXikI" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=hipmMi"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=hipmMi" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=DoTlti"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=DoTlti" border="0"></img></a> <a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?a=efac0I"><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~f/wired/techbiz/it?i=efac0I" border="0"></img></a> </div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/tech/internet/~4/314630250" height="1" width="1"/><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/wired/techbiz/it/~4/314630251" height="1" width="1"/>